Timeline

• c. 570 C.E.
  Birth of Muhammad

• 610 C.E.
  Muhammad receives the first revelation of the Qur’an.

• 620 C.E.
  Muhammad’s night journey to Jerusalem.

• 622 C.E.
  Hijra. The move of Muhammad and his early community to Medina. The first year of the Muslim Calendar.

• 632
  Death of Muhammad

• 638
  Muslims conquer Jerusalem.

• 680
  Beginning of Shii movement which believes that the succession of leadership in the Muslim community should be hereditary.

• 750-1258
  Development of Islamic law, patronage of art and culture, rising trade, agriculture and industry.

• 1095-1453
  Crusades

• 1281-1924
  Ottoman Empire

• 1501-1722
  Safavid Empire (Iran)

• 1526-1857
  Mughal Empire (south Asia)

• 1700-1800
  Islamic revivalism and reform.

• 1928
  Muslim Brotherhood founded in Egypt

• 1947
  Foundation of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims.

• 1956
  The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is established.

• 1967
  Arab-Israeli war

• 1973
  Second Arab-Israeli war

• 1978-1979
  Iranian Revoluntion and the foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the Ayatollah Khomeini.

• 1981
  Assassination of Anwar al-Sadat, Egyption president.

• 1988
  Benazir Bhutto elected as prime minister of Pakistan. The first elected female head of state.